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@Article{PaulaKSTSGMLKKT:2002:IoIrZo,
               author = "Paula, Eurico Rodrigues de and Kantor, Ivan Jelinek and Sobral, 
                         Jos{\'e} Humberto Andrade and Takahashi, Hisao and Santana, 
                         Daniela Cristina and Gobbi, Delano and Medeiros, Amauri Fragoso de 
                         and Limiro, L. A. T. and Kil, H. and Kintner, P. M. and Taylor, 
                         Michael J.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and Johns Hopkins APL, 
                         Laurel, MD, USA and Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA and Utah 
                         State University, Logan, UT, USA",
                title = "Ionospheric irregularity zonal velocities over Cachoeira 
                         Paulista",
              journal = "Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics",
                 year = "2002",
               volume = "64",
               number = "12-14",
                pages = "1511--1616",
                month = "Aug.-Sep.",
             keywords = "aeronomia, global positioning system, equatorial spread-f, radar 
                         observations, drifts, scintillation, Brazil, disturbances.",
             abstract = "We have studied the zonal drift velocity of nighttime ionospheric 
                         irregularities from Cachoeira Paulista (22.41°S, 45°W, dip 
                         latitude - 17.43°), a station under the Equatorial Anomaly, from 
                         December 1998 to February 1999 using LI band GPS receivers and OI 
                         630 nm all-sky images. The average decimetric solar flux index for 
                         this period of increasing solar activity was about 145 and 
                         magnetically quiet days with SigmaKp < 24 were selected. The GPS 
                         technique used receivers spaced 55 in in the magnetic east-west 
                         direction and probed small scale plasma structures (scale size 
                         about 400 m) at altitudes near 350 kill. The zonal irregularity 
                         drift velocities measured by this technique were eastward with 
                         values of about 160 m/s at 20 LT, about 140 m/s around midnight, 
                         and decreased further in the post-midnight sector. The variability 
                         of these drifts decreased significantly after midnight. The zonal 
                         velocities of large scale plasma structure were obtained using 
                         01630 nm all-sky images from a region located about 24.1°S and 
                         45°W at a nominal height of 250 kin which corresponds to the 
                         bubble projection along the magnetic field lines to 350 km over 
                         Cachoeira Paulista. These all-sky imager derived zonal drifts are 
                         also eastward, but have magnitudes smaller than the spaced GPS 
                         eastward drifts, particularly in the pre-midnight sector. We will 
                         discuss these two drift measurement techniques and the 
                         interpretation of our results.",
                 issn = "1364-6826",
                label = "10474",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "1-s2.0-S1364682602000883-main.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "09 fev. 2025"
}


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